Difference between revisions of "KC Compact"

Latest revision as of 03:59, 7 July 2024

Note: Much of this article was originally written by Kevin Thacker and so any references in the first person ("I", "me", etc.) are by him.

The East German KC Compact Computer

Background

The KC compact is a clone of the Amstrad CPC and was developed by a East German company called RFT.

The computer was designed in 1989 and made to celebrate 40 years of the DDR/GDR (Deutsche Demokratische Republik/German Democratic Republic). A year later the Berlin wall came down and East and West Germany were joined together and the DDR/GDR came to an end. Production of the computer halted, and it was only available for a short time and is rare.

I read about the KC compact in the Amscene section of Amstrad Action magazine, a Future Publishing Ltd publication. From that point I was hooked and I eventually wanted to own one.

During this time I found Andreas Krueger, webmaster of the Robotron-Net website, who owned one of these computers. Andreas was very helpful and provided photocopies of a manual and the schematics, a dump of the roms, ran some tests for me and more. I want to send him a big thankyou for all the help he gave.

In the last few months (May 2001) I contacted Thomas Tratz who owns a KC Compact. Thomas Tratz runs a great website for QuickBASIC. He has given me many of the original manuals, original software, and I bought a real KC Compact from his cousin! A big thankyou to Thomas and his cousin!

The case of the KC compact is the same as the Robotron BIC A5105, but has different hardware inside. The KC Compact I have does not have a information sticker on the underside, but information for the A5105!

Many of the IC's inside are Russian and clones of other IC's. (The UA880 is a clone of the Zilog Z80, and the U82536 is a clone of the Zilog Z8536).

I know of only a few people who have a real KC Compact (Andreas Kruger, Thomas Tratz, Frank Salmon of Oldbits computer collection and myself), if there are others please contact me and I will make a list of KC Compact owners, and you will be members of an exclusive club! :)

This document will describe the hardware and software differences (that are known) between this system and the Amstrad CPC.

Alternative power supply

With the help of Darren Jarvis I now have a new power supply for my KC Compact. He gave me a power pack from a PC laptop, and with a special lead, this works perfectly on the KC Compact.

PC laptop power pack details:

LISHIN INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISE CORP. AC ADAPTOR.

MODEL: LSE9802A1960

INPUT: 100-240V A.C. 50/60Hz 1.5A

OUTPUT: 19V D.C. 3.16A. 60W MAX

The power pack has a 3.5mm power plug at the end.

I made a lead which has a 3.5mm power socket and a telefunktion socket.

External power supply

The official external power modulator provides +20V,-20V DC (err... more probably +20V and 0V) with 500mA (believed to be un-smoothed), from a source of ~220V at 50Hz.

The external power modulator is connected to the computer's internal power modulator, which generates a smoothed 12V and 5V outputs and these provide the power for the IC's. Most or all runs at 5V. The 12V are used for the built-in TV modulator, and is also output to the Expansion Port and Scart connector (and, not sure, maybe used elsewhere, too)

The internal power supply is very tolerant and the computer will run with input voltages as low as 6V, but the colours in the palette are weak. If the voltage is increased, the colours become strong, and around 18V-20V, they are all correct. If a low input voltage is used, it is likely that the 12V power output on the expansion connector will not be correct.

The connector is believed to be a Telefunken Line socket (Maplins catalogue reference: FT99H). If you can't find this connector then you can make a suitable connector using a power lead and a sharp craft knife.

Software differences

The base system has 32k of

• Locomotive BASIC v1.1 rom (identical to BASIC rom in English CPC6128) (16k)
• A modified operating system rom from an English CPC6128 (16k)

• Differences are:

• Different start-up message
• Computer names (Schneider, Awa, Solavox etc) removed.
• Initialisation code for the CIO (see details below)
• Test program transfer (see details below)

I believe most software will run, but I have not been able to test this, but programs that use the following may be broken:

• Programs that rely on exact Interrupt mechanism of the CPC6128
• Programs that call direct into the operating system rom (these may work, because the changes to the operating system rom are minor)
• Programs that rely on a unofficial hardware feature (I do not know of all hardware details, so I cannot say the level of compatibility)

The disc interface has a modified AMSDOS rom.

Hardware differences

• The colour palette is not cleared to black on reset
• The Amstrad unofficial graphics mode 3 does not exist. The clock to the shift registers is stopped. The last colour is output.
• The raster interrupt is generated in a different way by the CIO.

This section describes the known hardware differences. This information is not definitive. I do not know all differences,

UA880 CPU (equivalent to Zilog Z80)

The KC compact uses a UA880 CPU, which is an East German clone of the Z80. It is not confirmed whether there are any actual differences compared to a real Z80. In terms of documentation, the KC Compact System Handbook lists the opcodes SLL, INF [a.k.a. IN F,(C)], and OUTF [a.k.a. OUT (C),F], whereas these have remained undocumented by Zilog.

Video

• The CRTC should be more or less same as those used in CPCs. The handbook and schematic say the CRTC is a CM 607 (Bulgarian clone of 6845), but the CRTC in mine [=Kevin's] is an HD6845P.
• The clocks for each mode (0,1 and 2) are derived from the main 16MHz clock, these then drive the shift registers to output pixels to the display.
• Graphics Mode 3 is hardwired to 5V, so it doesn't have a clock. The shift registers are stopped and output the last colour they clocked in. Even if this mode was activated in way of connecting up the clock for Mode 0 it is not decoded the same as on the CPC: 8 colours are chosen from the 16 colour palette, instead of 4.
• There may be a bug whereby if the border colour is changed rapidly there could be 1 pixel of another colour output. When loading a game which changes the colour of the border, I have seen moving "snow" on the screen. I have seen this effect, but I need to confirm how it is generated.
• The video output doesn't generate luminance, so the KC Compact can't be used with a GT64 or MM14.

Colour-ROM

The KC compact has a colour-rom. Each byte in the ROM defines the R,G and B of an output colour.

The hardware colour index (defined by the I/O write: A15="0", A14="1", D7="0", D6="1" D3-D0 define hardware colour index), is used as a look-up into the ROM.

Each colour-element (R, G or B) is defined using 2 bits and has the potential to define a total palette of 64 colours. The colour-rom only uses 3 of the 4 possible settings for each colour-element. Looking at the schematic, the potential is not realised, the two signals for each colour use the same resistors before being combined. This means that the bit combinations 10 and 01 produce the same result. So this means only 27 colours are possible.

The colour ROM can be downloaded from the KC-Klub homepage.

External connectors

Built-in connectors: pinout

• Cassette recorder - other pinout as CPC, motor control is TTL (not a relay)
• Digital joystick - exactly as CPC (all 9 pins are exactly same)
• Expansion port - almost same as CPC (plus some extra pins: additional voltages, TEST feature, FBAS output)
• Monitor - 21pin Scart connector, and UHF modulator
• Printer port - almost same as CPC Plus (25pin)
• Stereo sound - 5pin DIN (not 3.5mm)

Cassette socket

The Cassette socket has different connection assignments compared to the CPC, so you can't use a CPC cassette lead directly with the KC Compact.

I made a second lead which converted between KC Compact assignments and CPC assignments, which was connected between KC Compact and the CPC cassette lead.

I have been successfully loaded some CPC software.

Expansion socket

The KC compact has a real connector compared to the P.C.B. edge connector of an English CPC6128. This connector is not the same as the one on a German CPC6128.

The expansion connector has more pins; 58 compared to 50 on an English CPC6128.

The connector is a 'K1520 bus' connector which is present on all East German microcomputers. Some details about it can be found on the Wikipedia page for 'VEB Robotron' and some more here https://www.robotrontechnik.de/html/standards/k1520.htm (in German)

I am in the process of making an adaptor so that I can test CPC hardware on the KC Compact.

Parallel

On the KC compact the parallel port is connected to Port A of the CIO.

It is a general purpose I/O port. All 8-bits can be used for input or output. The input/output of each bit can be programmed. With standard setup, bit 7 is assigned to /STROBE, and bits 0-6 are assigned to Printer DATA, making a 7-bit printer port. Additionally, the 8th printer bit is implemented via Bit5 of PIO Port C (see 8bit Printer Ports).

• The Amstrad CPC has a single-direction, 7-bit port.
• The KC Compact has a bi-directional, 8-bit port.

The KC compact parallel port is more powerful and flexible compared to the Amstrad CPC parallel port!

Keyboard

• The keyboard matrix of the KC compact supports all the keys of the CPC, but the following keys are not on the keyboard: F5, F6,F7,F8,F9.
• The KC Compact has a power LED (near CLR key). There are also (unused) locations for two additional LEDs (near TAB/CAPS key), eventually these locations are used by the D005 keyboard for KC-85 computers, or by the Robotron A5105 computer (both D005 and A5105 use the same case & keyboard as the KC Compact, aside from that, they have nothing to do with it).

KP580BB55 PIO (equivalent to 8255 PPI)

Used (almost) identically as the CPC's 8255. PIO Port B is slightly different:

• Note: The KC System Handbook accidently calls the chip "KP580B55", however, the correct name is "KP580BB55" (with double "B").

U82536 CIO (equivalent to Zilog Z8536 CIO)

• CIO Overview
• CIO Usage in KC Compact
• CIO Registers (Summary)
• CIO Registers (Detailed)

The CIO chip is a Counter and I/O chip. In the KC compact system it is used to generate interrupts, access to the parallel printer port, and possibly video control.

When A12 of the I/O address is "0", the CIO is selected. Bit A9 and A8 of the I/O address select the registers of the CIO, to avoid conflict with other peripherals the CIO should be access using:

• Note: A8 is passed through an inverter, resulting in the above "B,C,Control,A" ordering - this is done to map Port A to the same address as the CPC Printer Port (without the inverter, CIO registers would have "C,B,A,Control" ordering).

On start-up, the KC compact programs the CIO to the following state:

• Port A: I/O mode: all bits are set to output, and bit 7 is inverted when writing. (bit 7 is /strobe signal to printer)
• Port B: Counter mode (port B is split into two counters, both are setup the same): continuous count, restarts when count is over, uses external trigger, uses external input to update count, pulse output (when count is over)

• Port C: Counter mode: same configuration as port B.

Port C is used to generate interrupts. The counter input is HSYNC (the counter counts counter-input transitions; low-high and high-low). The trigger input is VSYV (this signal is derived from VSYNC).

What this means:

• The CIO Port C counter is updated when HSYNC changes state
• The CIO Port C counter is reset when VSYV changes state

With the default settings, the CIO will count 26 HSYNC transitions (52 lines of the display covered in this time) and generate a interrupt. At VSYNC the counter is reset so that the interrupts are synchronised.

I do not know the exact function of the counter's of Port B.

CPC Interrupts:

• synchronised to 2 HSYNCs after VSYNC
• interrupts cannot be generated closer than 32 lines
• counter inside Gate Array counts up to 52 lines.
• interrupt can be cleared by writing to bit 4 of Mode/ROM register in Gate Array (counter is also reset at this time)

KC compact interrupts:

• interrupt can be cleared by writing to bit 4 of Mode/ROM register at 0x07fxx (counter is *not* reset at this time)
• interrupt system fully programmable: can count HSYNCS, or count internal CIO clocks!

Therefore, the KC compact interrupt system is more powerful than the CPC!

TEST feature

When the KC compact is reset, the /TEST signal on the expansion port is checked.

If it is high (1), the operating system will startup and BASIC will be entered. If it is low (0), the KC compact will enter a data transfer sequence using DATA2, DATA1, /STROBE and DATA7 on the expansion connector.

Data transfer:

The data transfer is controlled by another computer, the KC compact is the "slave".

Using DATA2, DATA1, /STROBE and DATA7, a program of 256 bytes in size can be transfered into KC compact memory at &a880. When all bytes have been transfered, this program will be executed.

KCC Side:

• /STROBE and DATA1 are inputs
• DATA2 and DATA7 are outputs

Connecting a KC compact to a CPC+ monitor

These connections are known to work!

What you need:

• SCART plug
• 8-pin DIN socket

Lead connections:

• Connect the 8-pin DIN socket to the 8-pin DIN plug from the monitor
• Connect the SCART plug to the SCART socket on the back of the KC Compact

Signal connections:

Pictures

• KC Compact Pictures
• 

  Top (with UHF cable)

• 

  Top (Keyboard)

• 

  Top (removed)

• 

  Top (PCB)

• 

  Left

• 

  Right

• 

  Right (Power, Joystick, Sound)

• 

  Sticker for Robotron K1505 computer (accidently badged on a KC computer)

• 

  Rear

• 

  Rear (left: Power, Tape, UHF)

• 

  Rear (middle: UHF, Scart, Printer)

• 

  Rear (right: Expansion)

• 

  Aerial lead connector (UHF)

• 

  Computer with Power Supply

• 

  Boxed (closed)

• 

  Boxed (open)

• 

  KC Compact advert

• 

  Top

• 

  Right

• 

  Rear

• 

  Base Left

• 

  Base Right

• 

  Dimensions

• 

  PCB Top

• 

  PCB Bottom

• 

  Keyboard Top

• 

  Keyboard bottom

Pictures (Disc Interface)

• KC Compact Disc Interface (Amsdos Clone)
• 

  Disc Interface

• 

  Disc Interface

• 

  Disc Interface

• 

  Disc Interface

• 

  Disc Interface

• 

  Disc Interface

Datasheets

• Media:CIO-Z8536.pdf - Zilog Z8536 CIO Datasheet (equivalent to U82536)
• Media:PPI M5L8255AP-5.pdf - Mitsubishi 8255 PPI Datasheet (equivalent to KP580BB55)

KC Compact Hardware Manuals (german)

• Media:Kcc Beschreibung.pdf - Technical Data and Pin-Outs
• Media:Kcc Basic Handbuch.pdf - Basic Handbook
• Media:Kcc Systemhandbuch.pdf - System Handbook
• Media:Kcc Floppy System Handbuch.pdf - Floppy Handbook

KC Compact Cassette Manuals (german)

• Media:Kcc kassette CC4001 Demokcc.pdf - Demonstration (Demo1, Demo2)
• Media:Kcc kassette CC6001 Spielebox1.pdf - Gamebox 1 (Strolch, Roessel, Match)
• Media:Kcc kassette CC6002 Spielebox2.pdf - Gamebox 2 (Orgel, Konzert)
• Media:Kcc kassette CC6003 Spielebox3.pdf - Gamebox 3 (Fruity Frank, Memory)
• ... Gamebox 4 (?)
• Media:Kcc kassette CC6005 Spielebox5.pdf - Gamebox 5 (Cubit, Muehle, Pagode)
• Media:Kcc kassette CC7001 Komponist.pdf - Composer (Komponi.bas, Fughette.mus, Menuett.mus, Gedanken.mus, Muslink.bas)
• Media:Kcc kassette CC7002 Grafix1.pdf - Graphic (Grafik1, BspMode0.mal, BspMode1.mal)

KC Compact Schematics

• 

  CPU and I/O Schematic

• 

  Memory Schematic

• 

  Modulator Schematic

• 

  Video and Power Schematic

• 

  Block Diagram

• 

  Component Map (Mainboard)

• 

  Component Map (Modulator)

For schematics at higher resolution, see Schematic (Modulator):hires, Block Diagram (Mainboard):hires, Component Map (Modulator):hires, Schematic (CPU and I/O):left and right, Schematic (Memory):left and right, Schematic (Video and Power):left and right, Component Map (Mainboard):left and right.

Operating systems

• BASDOS - AMSDOS clone
• MicroDOS - CP/M clone
• FutureOS - only with Revaldhinos RAM expansion (true RAM mode &C3)

KC Compact Computer Resources and Links

• KC Compact Advert - KC Compact Advertising (with english translation)
• CPC Clones - List of all known CPC clones
• http://www.robotrontechnik.de/ - Retro site for east-german computers
• http://www.robotron-net.de/ - Retro site for east-german computers
• http://www.iee.et.tu-dresden.de/~kc-club/index.html - Retro site for east-german computers
• http://www.sax.de/~zander/index2h.html - KC Compact is found in the "Hobby" section