Difference between revisions of "C't 512 KB internal RAM expansion"

Revision as of 09:26, 8 May 2010

A project to upgrade a CPC6128 to 512K RAM (total), done by replacing the CPC6128's RAM chips, and its PAL banking chip, the project was released 1987 in german IT magazine c't.

Technical

The memory is accessed via Port 7Fxxh, as on Standard Memory Expansions. Since the internal RAM is removed, its total capacity is only 512K (unlike standard 512K expansions which provide 64K internal plus 512K external memory, ie. 576K total). Altogether, the c't expansion works like a 448K dk'tronics expansion (leaving the banks selected via OUT [7Fxxh],FCh..FFh unused).

One half (256K) of the total (512K) expansion memory can be accessed as Video RAM (with normal expansions, only 64 KB are accessible as VRAM). This is making the expansion slightly incompatible with the dk'tronics standard. However, usually expansion memory is mapped to 4000h-7FFFh, whilst VRAM is usually mapped to C000h-FFFFh. So, most existing software may work with it, without accidently displaying garbage on the screen.

The Circuit

• DRAM Replacement - Replace the sixteen old 64Kx1 DRAM chips (IC119-IC134) by new 256Kx1 DRAMs. The chips have same pinouts, only pin 1 is changed (old: NC, new: A8 row:column address signal). Optionally, replace only bank 0 (IC127-IC134) for getting only 320K (256K+64K) instead of 512K total (2x256K).

• PAL Replacement - Replace the old PAL (IC118) by the new daughterboard. Most signals connect to the PAL socket (green in schematic), a extra few wires connect elsewhere on mainboard (red), as an optional "bonus" feature, the circuit contains logic for a 3rd floppy drive (blue).

• 

  Schematic

• 

  PCB

Component List

 16x 41256 (256Kx1 DRAM)   ;replacing the CPC6128's 16 built-in 64Kx1 DRAMs
  1x PAL 16L8              ;replacing the CPC6128's built-in PAL
  1x 74LS38                ;Quad 2-input NAND, OC
  1x 74LS273               ;8bit latch, of which only 5bit are used here
  1x 2200 Ohm resistor     ;pull-up for OC output
  1x 470 Ohm resistor      ;pull-up for OC output
  1x 47 Ohm resistor       ;purpose unknown (noise related? shortcut protection?)

Compatibility Problems

• RAMDIS is not supported, not a problem in most cases, but won't work with some special types of expansion hardware, like Multiface II.
• The bank selection for CPU address 4000h..7FFFh does also affect bank bits0-1 for VRAM at 4000h..7FFFh; thus the CRTC may see bank 0-3 in that region (whilst, as far as known, on a normal CPC, it should always see bank 1 in that region).

Missing Info

• Unknown which banks are usable as VRAM
  • The first four 16K bank are (probably) usuable as VRAM (as on all 64K CPC models)
  • The next four 16K bank are (hopefully) not usuable as VRAM (for CP/M+ compatibility, which uses them as Work RAM)
  • For further banks it's totally unknown if they are used as VRAM or not
• Unknown if it's fully dk'tronics compatible, or more like incompletely implemented Inicron variant
• Unknown what happens on accessing the unused region via OUT [7Fxxh],FCh..FFh

Memory Configurations

 OUT [7Fxxh],C0h+...   0  1  2  3    4  5  6  7    8..31
 -------------------------------------------------------
 Bank at C000h..FFFFh  3  7  7  7    3  3  3  3    7 (!)
 Bank at 8000h..BFFFh  2  2  6  2    2  2  2  2    2
 Bank at 4000h..7FFFh  1  1  5  3    4  5  6  7    8..31
 Bank at 0000h..3FFFh  0  0  4  0    0  0  0  0    0

PAL Source Code

D7D6 D0   D3   D4   D1   D2   NCAS A15  A14  GND  ;pin 1..10
CPU  A15S AMUX MUX  LCLK CAS1 CAS0 IOWR A14S VCC  ;pin 11..20

IF (VCC) /LCLK= D7D6 * /A15 * /IOWR               ;load external latch on OUT [7Fxxh],C0h..FFh

IF (VCC) /CAS0= /NCAS * /D4  +                    ;bank bit4=0, select bank 0..15 (CPU and CRTC)
         /CAS0= /NCAS *  A15 +
         /CAS0= /NCAS * /A14 +
         /CAS0= /NCAS *  CPU

IF (VCC) /CAS1= /NCAS * D4 * /A15 * A14 * /CPU    ;bank bit4=1, select bank 16..31 (CPU at 4000h..7FFFh only)

IF (VCC) /A14S= /A14             +                             ;bank bit0
                /D0  * D2 * /A15 +
                /D0  * D3 * /A15 +
                /D0  * D4 * /A15

IF (VCC) /A15S= /A14 *                    /A15 +               ;bank bit1
                /D1  *                    /A15 +
                /D4  * /D3  * /D2 * /D0 * /A15 +
                /D4  * /D3  * /D2 * /D1 * /A15

IF (VCC) /AMUX= /D0  *  D1  * /D2 * /D3 * /D4 * /CPU * /MUX +
                 A15 *  A14 * /D2 *  D0 *       /CPU * /MUX +
                 A15 *  A14 * /D2 *  D1 *       /CPU * /MUX +
                 A15 *  A14 *        D3 *       /CPU * /MUX +
                 A15 *  A14 *        D4 *       /CPU * /MUX +
                /A15 *  A14 *        D2 *       /CPU * /MUX +  ;bank bit2
                /A15 *  A14 *        D3 *       /CPU *  MUX    ;bank bit3

IF (GND) /MUX = /MUX      ;dummy (do not output anything on this pin)

IF (GND) /IOWR=/IOWR      ;dummy (do not output anything on this pin)

Newer Info

Having a short look at the article, it seems to be all different as than expected:

• There is no dk'tronics compatibility intended - however, c't and dk'tronics are based on the CPC6128 banking mechanism, so they work similar, and to some level there is some (unintended) compatibility. Namely, ONE HALF of the memory can be accessed in dk'tronics style fashion.

• There seems to be no hardware based "Video RAM" support at all. However, there's some unspectacular software based example included that copies expansion RAM to VRAM via LDIR opcode.

Scanned Article / Schematics

• Media:CPC6512 ct magazin part 1.pdf - c't issue 10/1987 - RAM Expansion Schematic
• Media:CPC6512 ct magazin part 2.pdf - c't issue 11/1987 - RAM Disc driver for CP/M Plus

Original names of the articles are: Aus David wird Goliath: 512 KB RAM für Schneider CPC (part 1), and Byte-Hirte: RAM-Disk-Treiber für des CPCs 512 Kbyte (part 2). Both articles are written by Gabor Herr and Hubert Schröer.

Related hardware modifications

• Bank Swapper by Khany/Cherry-T (less complex: bank-exchanging toggle, no memory expansion; 1993)
• CPC4MB memory upgrade by Yarek (more advanced; 2005/2006)