View source for Amstrad/Schneider Printer Control Codes

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== DMP1 Control Codes ==

{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Hex''           ||''Decimal''       ||''ASCII''         ||''Type''
|''Description''
|-
|0A                ||10                ||LF                ||Misc
|CR+LF
|-
|0D                ||13                ||CR                ||Misc
|CR or CR+LF (selectable via DIP-switch)
|-
|0E                ||14                ||SO                ||Width
|Double Width Mode (also restores 1/6" line feed rate; after graphics printing)
|-
|0F                ||15                ||SI                ||Width
|Normal Width Mode (also restores 1/6" line feed rate; after graphics printing)
|-
|10 hi lo          ||16 hi lo          ||DLE "NN"          ||Misc
|Print Position in character units (NN = two-digit ASCII, "00..79")
|-
|14                ||20                ||DC4               ||Misc
|CR
|-
|1B 10 hi lo       ||27 16 hi lo       ||ESC DLE hi lo     ||Misc
|Print Position in dot units (hi:lo = 9bit binary, 0..479) (lo=lower 7bit, hi=upper 2bit)
|-
|1B 4B hi lo gfx0 gfx1 .. ||27 75 hi lo gfx0 gfx1 ..  ||ESC "K" ...   ||Graphics
|Graphics Mode (hi:lo = 9bit count, 0..479) (lo=lower 7bit, hi=upper 2bit) (followed by as many bytes, with bit0=upper pixel .. bit6=lower pixel). This command additionally changes the line feed rate to 1/9 inch; the new rate is kept applied for text and graphics (until canceled by chr 0Eh/0Fh).
|-
|1C num gfx               ||28 num gfx                ||FD,num,gfx   ||Graphics
|Repetition of one byte of graphic print data (num=1..127 repeat count) (gfx: bit0=upper pixel .. bit6=lower pixel)
|-
|}

== NLQ401 Control Codes ==

The [[NLQ401]] supports a fraction of the Epson control code set, plus some NLQ401-specific, non-Epson codes. The missing Epson codes include both newer codes, as well as older ones (like vertical TABs, which are supported even by very old Epsons from 1981).

Caution: The NLQ401 firmware strips Bit7 of all incoming characters, so one is restricted to use 7bit codes, even if one does own an [[8bit Printer Ports|8bit Printer Port]]. Accordingly, only 7-pin graphics can be used, and some numeric parameters cannot be set to values with bit7=1.

{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Hex''           ||''Decimal''       ||''ASCII''         ||''Type''
|''Description''
|-
|09                ||9                 ||HT                ||Tab
|Horizontal tab
|-
|0A                ||10                ||LF                ||Feed
|Line Feed (move to next line)
|-
|0B                ||11                ||VT                ||Feed
|'''NLQ401-specific:''' acts as mirror of LF (non-Epson code)
|-
|0C                ||12                ||FF                ||Feed
|Form Feed (move to next page)
|-
|0D                ||13                ||CR                ||Misc
|Carriage Return
|-
|0E                ||14                ||SO                ||Text Style
|Select double width for one line (unlike ESC W 0/1 continous)
|-
|0F                ||15                ||SI                ||Text Style
|Select condensed mode
|-
|12                ||18                ||DC2               ||Text Style
|Cancel condensed mode
|-
|14                ||20                ||DC4               ||Text Style
|Cancel one line double width mode (unlike ESC W 0/1 continous)
|-
|18                ||24                ||CAN               ||Misc
|Cancel text in line (but not control codes)
|-
|1B 2D n           ||27 45 n           ||ESC "-" n         ||Text Style
|Underlining ON/OFF (00h=off, 01h=on)
|-
|1B 30             ||27 48             ||ESC "0"           ||Feed
|Select 9/72 inch aka 1/8 inch line spacing
|-
|1B 31             ||27 49             ||ESC "1"           ||Feed
|Select 7/72 inch line spacing
|-
|1B 32             ||27 50             ||ESC "2"           ||Feed
|Select 12/72 inch aka 1/6 inch line spacing<br>
'''NLQ401-specific and Epson MX80:''' Can be DIP-switched or ESC-"A"-commanded to other spacing (on a DMP2000 or Epson FX80, it's fixed, always 1/6 inch)
|-
|1B 33 n           ||27 51 n           ||ESC "3" n         ||Feed
|Select n/216 inch line spacing (n=0..255)<br>'''NLQ401-restriction:''' supports only 7bit (n=0..127)
|-
|1B 36             ||27 54             ||ESC "6"           ||Char Code
|'''NLQ401-specific:''' Use German charset
|-
|1B 37             ||27 55             ||ESC "7"           ||Char Code
|'''NLQ401-specific:''' Use US-ASCII charset
|-
|1B 38             ||27 56             ||ESC "8"           ||Misc
|Disable paper out sensor
|-
|1B 39             ||27 57             ||ESC "9"           ||Misc
|Enable paper out sensor
|-
|1B 3C             ||27 60             ||ESC "<"           ||Misc
|Select unidirectional mode for one line (Move head home/parking)
|-
|1B 3D .. 00       ||27 61 ... 0       ||ESC "=" ... 0     ||Char Code
|'''NLQ401-specifc:''' Print all following chr(01h..7Fh) as CPC-style chr(81h..FFh) symbols; use chr(00h) to return to normal mode
|-
|1B 41 n           ||27 65 n           ||ESC "A" n         ||Feed
|'''NLQ401/MX80:''' Redefine ESC "2" to n/72 inch line spacing (applied by subsequent ESC "2" commands).<br>
On a DMP2000 or FX80 it would directly select n/72 inch line spacing (n=0..85) (without needing to execute subsequent ESC "2")
|-
|1B 43 (00) n      ||27 67 (0) n       ||ESC "C" (NUL) n   ||Feed
|Select Page length in lines or inches (n=1..127 lines, or 00h,1..22 inch)
|-
|1B 44 .. 00       ||27 68 .. 0        ||ESC "D" .. NUL    ||Tab
|Define horizontal TAB positions
|-
|1B 45             ||27 69             ||ESC "E"           ||Text Style
|Select emphasized (bold) mode
|-
|1B 46             ||27 70             ||ESC "F"           ||Text Style
|Cancel emphasized (bold) mode
|-
|1B 47             ||27 71             ||ESC "G"           ||Text Style
|Select double strike mode (also an bold-alike effect)
|-
|1B 48             ||27 72             ||ESC "H"           ||Text Style
|Cancel double strike mode (also an bold-alike effect)
|-
|1B 49 n           ||27 73 n           ||ESC "I" n         ||Text Style
|'''NLQ401-specific:''' Select Draft/NLQ mode (01h=Draft, 03h=NLQ) (for Epson-compatibility, better use the ESC "x" code)
|-
|1B 4A n           ||27 74 n           ||ESC "J" n         ||Feed
|Perform One-shot n/216 inch line feed (n=0..255)<br>'''NLQ401-restriction:''' supports only 7bit (n=0..127)
|-
|1B 4B n1 n2 ..    ||27 75 n1 n2 ..    ||ESC "K" n1 n2 ..  ||Graphics
|Single 8pin density graphics (60 dpi) (n2:n1 = num bytes following) (480 dots/line)<br>'''NLQ401-restriction:''' supports only 7bit, ie. only 7-pins, and n1 cannot have bit7=1
|-
|1B 4C n1 n2 ..    ||27 76 n1 n2 ..    ||ESC "L" n1 n2 ..  ||Graphics
|Double 8pin density graphics (120 dpi)                              (960 dots/line)<br>'''NLQ401-restriction:''' supports only 7bit, ie. only 7-pins, and n1 cannot have bit7=1
|-
|1B 4E n           ||27 78 n           ||ESC "N" n         ||Feed
|Select skip over perforation (n=1..127 lines)
|-
|1B 4F             ||27 79             ||ESC "O"           ||Feed
|Cancel skip over perforation
|-
|1B 53 n           ||27 83 n           ||ESC "S" n         ||Text Style
|Select superscript/subscript (00h=Superscript, 01h=Subscript)
|-
|1B 54             ||27 84             ||ESC "T"           ||Text Style
|Cancel superscript/subscript
|-
|1B 55 n           ||27 85 n           ||ESC "U" n         ||Misc
|Unidirectional mode (00h=Off, faster, use bidirectional printing - 01h=On, slower, left-to-right, more accurate on vertical lines)
|-
|1B 57 n           ||27 87 n           ||ESC "W" n         ||Text Style
|Double width mode ON/OFF (continous) (unlike DC4: one line) (00h=off, 01h=on)
|-
|1B 59 n1 n2 ..    ||27 89 n1 n2       ||ESC "Y" n1 n2     ||Graphics
|Select 8pin Hi-speed double den graphics (120 dpi)<br>'''NLQ401-restriction:''' supports only 7bit, ie. only 7-pins, and n1 cannot have bit7=1
|-
|1B 5A n1 n2 ..    ||27 90 n1 n2       ||ESC "Z" n1 n2     ||Graphics
|Select 8pin Quad density graphics (240 dpi) (1920 dots/8"line)<br>'''NLQ401-restriction:''' supports only 7bit, ie. only 7-pins, and n1 cannot have bit7=1
|-
|1B 78 n           ||27 120 n          ||ESC "x" n         ||Text Style
|Select Draft/NLQ mode (00h=Draft, 01h=NLQ)
|-
|7F                ||127               ||DEL               ||Misc
|Delete last character from buffer (but not control codes) (works only when buffer isn't yet printed; printing usually starts on terminating lines via LF)<br>
'''Not confirmed if supported by NLQ401'''
|-
|}

== DMP2xxx/3xxx Printer Codes (sorted by number) ==

{|{{Prettytable|width: 700px; font-size: 2em;}}
|''Hex''           ||''Decimal''       ||''ASCII''         ||''Type''
|''Description''
|-
|07                ||7                 ||BEL               ||Misc
|Beeper (produce beep sound, can be disabled via DIP-switch)
|-
|08                ||8                 ||BS                ||Misc
|Backspace (move print head left by one character unit, allowing to overwrite characters)
|-
|09                ||9                 ||HT                ||Tab
|Horizontal tab (see ESC "D")
|-
|0A                ||10                ||LF                ||Feed
|Line Feed (move to next line)
|-
|0B                ||11                ||VT                ||Tab
|Vertical Tab (see ESC "B", ESC "b" and ESC "/")
|-
|0C                ||12                ||FF                ||Feed
|Form Feed (move to next page)
|-
|0D                ||13                ||CR                ||Misc
|Carriage Return
|-
|0E                ||14                ||SO                ||Text Style
|Select double width for one line (unlike ESC W 0/1 continous)
|-
|0F                ||15                ||SI                ||Text Style
|Select condensed mode
|-
|11                ||17                ||DC1               ||Misc
|Select printer (online?) (FX80: DIP-switch related) (unclear if Amstrad supports or ignores this code)
|-
|12                ||18                ||DC2               ||Text Style
|Cancel condensed mode
|-
|13                ||19                ||DC3               ||Misc
|Deselect printer (offline?) (FX80: DIP-switch related) (unclear if Amstrad supports or ignores this code)
|-
|14                ||20                ||DC4               ||Text Style
|Cancel one line double width mode (unlike ESC W 0/1 continous)
|-
|18                ||24                ||CAN               ||Misc
|Cancel text in line (but not control codes)
|-
|1B 0E             ||27 14             ||ESC SO            ||Text Style
|Double width for one line (duplicate) (not FX80, better use SO, not ESC SO)
|-
|1B 0F             ||27 15             ||ESC SI            ||Text Style
|Select condensed mode (duplicate)     (not FX80, better use SI, not ESC SI)
|-
|1B 21 n           ||27 33 n           ||ESC "!" n         ||Text Style
|Master select where n is a combination of:
* 0 Pica
* 1 Elite
* 4 Condensed
* 8 Emphasized (bold)
* 16 Double Strike
* 32 Double Width
* 64 Italic
* 128 Underline
Pica & Elite and Condensed/Emphasized are mutually exclusive. DMP2000..3160 support only bit0-5 (not italic/underline).
|-
|1B 23             ||27 35             ||ESC "#"           ||Char Code
|MSB control sequence cancel (=obtain MSB from Centronics Pin 9)  (not on LX80)
|-
|1B 25 n 00        ||27 37 n 0         ||ESC "%" n NUL     ||Charset
|Select character set (00h=Normal/ROM, 01h=User-Defined/RAM) (Star LC10: without ending NUL)
|-
|1B 26 00 ..       ||27 38 0 ..        ||ESC "&" NUL ..    ||Charset
|Define user defined chars (params: first,last char (0..31 each), followed by "attr,d1..d11" per char, attr.bit7=descender flag (0=descend, 1=no descend, usuable only with 8bit printer port), attr.bit6-4=starting pos(0..7, attr.bit3-0=finishing pos i+4..11), d1..d11 are 8-pin columns) (must be enabled via DIP-switch!)
|-
|1B 2A d lo hi ..  ||27 42 d lo hi ..  ||ESC "*" d lo hi.. ||Graphics
|Print 8pin Graphics (hi:lo number of dot columns (number of data bytes), each data byte defines 8-pins (bit7=upper pin), Density (d) can be:
* 00h = 60 dpi, 480 pix per 8 inch, single density graphics (same as ESC K)
* 01h = 120 dpi, 960 pix per 8 inch, double density graphics (same as ESC L)
* 02h = 120 / 2 dpi, double speed double density (same as ESC Y)
* 03h = 240 / 2 dpi, double speed quad density (same as ESC Z)
* 04h = 80 dpi, 640 pix per 8 inch (for CPC/EGA/VGA screenshots)
* 05h = 72 dpi, 576 pix per 8 inch (for 1:1 pixel aspect ratio)
* 06h = 90 dpi, 720 pix per 8 inch (for Hercules screenshots)
In the two "double speed" modes, dots can be positioned at fine resolution, but the next dot (in the same row) must be white
|-
|1B 2D 30          ||27 45 48          ||ESC - "0"         ||Text Style
|Cancel underlining
|-
|1B 2D 31          ||27 45 49          ||ESC - "1"         ||Text Style
|Select underlining
|-
|1B 2F c           ||27 47 c           ||ESC "/" c         ||Tab
|Select vertical tab channel (c=0..7); channels can be defined via ESC "b"
|-
|1B 30             ||27 48             ||ESC "0"           ||Feed
|Select 9/72 inch aka 1/8 inch line spacing
|-
|1B 31             ||27 49             ||ESC "1"           ||Feed
|Select 7/72 inch line spacing
|-
|1B 32             ||27 50             ||ESC "2"           ||Feed
|Select 12/72 inch aka 1/6 inch line spacing
|-
|1B 33 n           ||27 51 n           ||ESC "3" n         ||Feed
|Select n/216 inch line spacing (n=0..255)
|-
|1B 34             ||27 52             ||ESC "4"           ||Text Style
|Select italic mode (unclear if italics can be also used by setting bit7 of the character number?)
|-
|1B 35             ||27 53             ||ESC "5"           ||Text Style
|Cancel italic mode
|-
|1B 36             ||27 54             ||ESC "6"           ||Char Code
|Enable printing of characters (128-159,255) (Italics?)
|-
|1B 37             ||27 55             ||ESC "7"           ||Char Code
|Cancel [ESC "6"] command
|-
|1B 38             ||27 56             ||ESC "8"           ||Misc
|Disable paper out sensor
|-
|1B 39             ||27 57             ||ESC "9"           ||Misc
|Enable paper out sensor
|-
|1B 3A 00 00 00    ||27 58 0 0 0       ||ESC ":" NUL NUL NUL ||Charset
|Copy charset ROM into RAM (the three NULs are "for future expansion")
|-
|1B 3C             ||27 60             ||ESC "<"           ||Misc
|Select unidirectional mode for one line (Move head home/parking)
|-
|1B 3D             ||27 61             ||ESC "="           ||Char Code
|MSB = 0   (not on LX80)
|-
|1B 3E             ||27 62             ||ESC ">"           ||Char Code
|MSB = 1   (not on LX80)
|-
|1B 3F s d         ||27 63 s d         ||ESC "?" s d       ||Graphics
|Reassign density of ESC "K/L/Y/Z" codes. 's'=code name (K,L,Y or Z), 'd'=density (0..6, same as for ESC "*", see there) (defaults are ESC "K"=0, "L"=1, "Y"=2, "Z"=3)
|-
|1B 40             ||27 64             ||ESC "@"           ||Misc
|Initialize printer (Reset)
|-
|1B 41 n           ||27 65 n           ||ESC "A" n         ||Feed
|Select n/72 inch line spacing (n=0..85)
|-
|1B 42 .. 00       ||27 66 .. 0        ||ESC "B" .. NUL    ||Tab
|Define up to 16 vertical tabs with ascending values from 1..255; specifying an empty list (ESC "B" NUL) clears vertical tabs; used with VT aka chr(0Bh); one can also define multiple vertical tab channels (see ESC "b" and ESC "/")
|-
|1B 43 (00) n      ||27 67 (0) n       ||ESC "C" (NUL) n   ||Feed
|Select Page length in lines or inches (n=1..127 lines, or 00h,1..22 inch)
|-
|1B 44 .. 00       ||27 68 .. 0        ||ESC "D" .. NUL    ||Tab
|Define up to 32 horizontal tabs with ascending values from 1..137; specifying an empty list (ESC "D" NUL) clears all horizontal tabs; used with HT aka chr(09h)
|-
|1B 45             ||27 69             ||ESC "E"           ||Text Style
|Select emphasized (bold) mode
|-
|1B 46             ||27 70             ||ESC "F"           ||Text Style
|Cancel emphasized (bold) mode
|-
|1B 47             ||27 71             ||ESC "G"           ||Text Style
|Select double strike mode (also an bold-alike effect)
|-
|1B 48             ||27 72             ||ESC "H"           ||Text Style
|Cancel double strike mode (also an bold-alike effect)
|-
|1B 49 n           ||27 73 n           ||ESC "I" n         ||Char Code
|Printable chr(0-31,128-159) (00h=Control Codes, 01h=Printable Characters) (not on LX80) ;makes some of these characters printable (unknown which ones) whilst others (like 1Bh) are always treated as control codes
|-
|1B 4A n           ||27 74 n           ||ESC "J" n         ||Feed
|Perform One-shot n/216 inch line feed (n=0..255)
|-
|1B 4B lo hi ..    ||27 75 lo hi ..    ||ESC "K" lo hi ..  ||Graphics
|Print 8-pin 60-dpi graphics (same as ESC "*" 0, see there) (density of ESC "K" can be redefined via ESC "?")
|-
|1B 4C lo hi ..    ||27 76 lo hi ..    ||ESC "L" lo hi ..  ||Graphics
|Print 8-pin 120-dpi graphics (same as ESC "*" 1, see there) (density of ESC "L" can be redefined via ESC "?")
|-
|1B 4D             ||27 77             ||ESC "M"           ||Text Style
|Select elite width (12 cpi) (mini font)
|-
|1B 4E n           ||27 78 n           ||ESC "N" n         ||Feed
|Select skip over perforation (n=1..127 lines)
|-
|1B 4F             ||27 79             ||ESC "O"           ||Feed
|Cancel skip over perforation
|-
|1B 50             ||27 80             ||ESC "P"           ||Text Style
|Cancel elite / Select pica width (10 cpi)
|-
|1B 51 n           ||27 81 n           ||ESC "Q" n         ||Misc
|Set right margin (n=1..255 character columns) (this is WIDTH, counted from left margin)
|-
|1B 52 n           ||27 82 n           ||ESC "R" n         ||Charset
|Select International character set where numeric 'n' is:
* 00h USA (ASCII)
* 01h France
* 02h Germany
* 03h UK (Pound symbol)
* 04h Denmark
* 05h Sweden
* 06h Italy
* 07h Spain
* 08h Japan (Yen symbol)
DMP2000..3160 do support 0..8, ie. up to including Japan. The default setting is DIP-switch selectable.
|-
|1B 53 n           ||27 83 n           ||ESC "S" n         ||Text Style
|Select superscript/subscript (00h=super, 01h=sub)
|-
|1B 54             ||27 84             ||ESC "T"           ||Text Style
|Cancel superscript/subscript
|-
|1B 55 n           ||27 85 n           ||ESC "U" n         ||Misc
|Unidirectional mode On/Off (00h=Off=faster, bidirectional printing, 01h=On=slower, left-to-right, more accurate on vertical lines)
|-
|1B 57 n           ||27 87 n           ||ESC "W" n         ||Text Style
|Double width mode (continous) (00h=Off, 01h=On) (unlike DC4 and SO: one line)
|-
|1B 59 lo hi ..    ||27 89 lo hi ..    ||ESC "Y" lo hi ..  ||Graphics
|Print 8-pin 120/2-dpi graphics (same as ESC "*" 2, see there) (density of ESC "Y" can be redefined via ESC "?")
|-
|1B 5A lo hi ..    ||27 90 lo hi ..    ||ESC "Z" lo hi ..  ||Graphics
|Print 8-pin 240/2-dpi graphics (same as ESC "*" 3, see there) (density of ESC "Z" can be redefined via ESC "?")
|-
|1B 5E d lo hi ..  ||27 94 d lo hi ..  ||ESC "^" d lo hi ..||Graphics
|Print 9-pin graphics at selected density (similar to ESC "*" d, see there for details). Allowed density for ESC "^" is officially only d=00h..01h (unknown if 02h..06h do work, too). hi:lo specifies the number of dot columns (the number of 2-byte pairs) (byte1.bit7..bit0=upper..lower, byte2.bit7=lowest, byte2.bit6..bit0=unused)
|-
|1B 62 c .. 00     ||27 98 c .. 0      ||ESC "b" c .. NUL  ||Tab
|Define up to 16 vertical tabs per channel (c=0..7) with ascending values from 1..255; specifying an empty list (ESC "b" c NUL) clears that vertical tab channel; channels are selected via ESC "/" and can be then used with chr(09h); there is also a similar command without channel-numbers (ESC "B")
|-
|1B 69 n           ||27 105 n          ||ESC "i" n         ||Misc
|Cancel instant character printing (00h=Off=default, ie. print only on LF, 01h=On=print each char immediately; also scrolls printed text into view; when buffer empty) (not on LX80)
|-
|1B 6A n           ||27 106 n          ||ESC "j" n         ||Feed
|Perform One-shot reverse linefeed (n/216 inch after buffer)                                                                (not on LX80)
|-
|1B 6C n           ||27 108 n          ||ESC "l" n         ||Misc
|Set left margin (n=0..255 character columns)
|-
|1B 6D n           ||27 109 n          ||ESC "m" n         ||Charset
|'''DMP3000/3160 only:''' Select charset (0=Epson, 1=IMB#1, 2=IBM#2) ([[Amstrad]] specific: not supported by Epson printers nor Epson clones nor DMP2000/2160)
|-
|1B 70 n           ||27 112 n          ||ESC "p" n         ||Text Style
|Proportional mode (00h=Off, 01h=On) (not on LX80?)
|-
|1B 73 n           ||27 115 n          ||ESC "s" n         ||Misc
|Half speed mode (00h=Off=Normal, 01h=On=Slow; purpose: noise-reduced silent printing)
|-
|1B 78 n           ||27 120 n          ||ESC "x" n         ||Text Style
|Select Draft/NLQ mode  (00h=Draft, 01h=NLQ) (LX80) (FX86e) (not FX80)
|-
|7F                ||127               ||DEL               ||Misc
|Delete last character from buffer (but not control codes) (works only when buffer isn't yet printed; printing usually starts on terminating lines via LF)
|-
|}

* Character codes 00h-FFh...
** Codes 00h..1Fh and 7Fh contain control codes, but at least some of them can be also used as print-able characters; at least when enabled via ESC "I1" (according DMP2000 manual chap6/page7 example: chr(6) is a print-able (user defined) character. others like chr(27) are obviously not printable)
** Codes 20h..7Eh are ASCII characters (some changed in "international" modes)
** Codes 80h..9Fh and FFh act as mirror of control codes 00h..1Fh and 7Fh (this mirroring can be disabled via ESC "6")
** Codes A0h..FEh are italic versions of 20h..7Eh
* The DMP2000 (and up) supports '''all Epson FX80 control codes''', plus some additional ones:
** ESC SO and ESC SI (mirrors of SO and SI) (for some reason, these mirrors are often supported by Epson-clones like Star LC10, though they are rarely found in official Epson specs)
** ESC "x" n (select NLQ/Draft mode) (the original Epson FX80 didn't support NLQ, however, the ESC x command is found in other Epson models like LX80 and FX86e)
** ESC "m" n (select IBM charset) (this seems the be an Amstrad invention, supported '''only''' by DMP3000/3160, '''not''' supported by DMP2000/2160, '''nor''' by real Epson printers, '''nor''' by Epson-clones like Star LC10).
* Some one-digit parameters (like on/off flags) may be recognized both is binary chr(0xh) as well as ASCII chr(3xh).