For the ceramic capacitors, any standard multilayer non-poled capacitor will do.
The 74HC14 must be a HC type, LS or other types will not work. There are several compatible equivalents for both theµPD765 and the 41464 DRAM ICs, which may be easier to source than these originals.
LR04 (The golden coloured ring on the right in the top picture) is used to filter supply spikes from the floppy motors getting back to the main PCB. The original part SN8D-500 is a 125µH filter rated at 2A. If you can find this part use it, if not any filter between 100µH and 150µH with a rating of 500mA or more should work fine, especially if you intend connecting a modern 3.5in floppy instead an original 3in Amstrad floppy.